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Subject parts of collection
Collection
Artistic wood engraving
Embroidery
Artistic weaving
Carpet weaving
Folk clothing
Ceramics
Porcelain, faience
Artistic glass
Ornamental painting
Ukrainian powder-flasks
Easter eggs
Artworks of nat. art. of Ukraine K.Bilokur
Artworks of nat. art. of Ukraine M.Primachenko
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Килим. 1782.
с. Могильне, Волинська губ.
(нині с. Жовтневе, Волинська обл.)
Вовна, ручне ткацтво |
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The museum is proud of its outstanding (1199 units) collection of Ukrainian carpets of 18th - 20th c. The collection of carpets was founded at the beginning of the 20th c. by outstanding scientists М. Bilyashivsky and D. Shcherbakivsky who organized many expeditions to Kiev, Poltava, Chernihiv, Podilla, Volyn regions. As a result of this field trips museum collection was enriched by masterpieces of carpet making art. Many of the exhibits were donated. In the second half of the 20th c. museum collections replenishment continued.
The first information about the use of carpets in Ukraine comes from chronicles where it is said that carpet thing was used in the burial ritual of the prince in second half of the 16th century. In 16 – 17 c. carpet production concentrated mainly in landlords workshops. In 18 – early 19th c. there are handicraft enterprises in towns and villages. Made in Ukraine carpets used not only in the local market, but also were exported abroad.
Everyday functions of carpets were quite different. They were used to cover the benches, tables, chests, floor, bedding, walls. During the funeral ceremony the coffin was covered by the carpet. As well as carpets played an important role in the church interior. The floor near the alter could be covered with carpets. Dependent on the purpose carpets shape, size may vary.
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Wool, cotton and hemp was used for making carpets using vertical or horizontal machines. Yarns were dyed with natural dyes from local plants and even insects. Група килимів ХVІІІ–ХІХ ст. з Полтавщини, Київщини, Чернігівщини з рослинним узором – найбільша в музейній колекції. Орнамент складається із зображень квітів, більше чи менше стилізованих, або галузок з квітами, розташованих ритмічно чи пов’язаних у загальний узор, іноді це центрична квіткова композиція. Килими цієї групи, вірогідно, є розвитком типу квіткових перських килимів. Але крім східних тенденцій відчувається і вплив західноєвропейських мистецьких стилів, зокрема стилю бароко.
Carpet group of XVIII-XIX c. from Poltava, Kyiv, Chernihiv with floral pattern - the largest in the museum collection. Ornament consists of images of flowers, more or less stylized, branches or flowers arranged rhythmically or related to the overall pattern. Carpets of this group were probably influenced by Persian carpets beyond the eastern trends and the impact of Western art styles, including Baroque style.
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Килим. 1831
м. Гельмязів, Золотоніський пов.,
Полтавська губ.
Вовна, ручне ткацтво |
In the southern and western regions of Ukraine carpets with floral ornament were also in use, but an entirely different type. Styling floral ornament, color, composite construction can be attributed to this group in the circle of influence of Asia Minor arts.
Carpets of western regions of Ukraine (Galicia, Bukovyna, Volyn), woven on horizontal looms have typical geometric or floral-geometrical pattern
Of of the most remarkable carpets comes from burial Hetman Danylo Apostol at the Holy Transfiguration church in the village of Great Sorochintsy Poltava region (1734).
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І.А. Пастух (1912–1960). Килим. 1959–1960.
м. Заболотів, Івано-Франківська обл.
Вовна, ручне ткацтво |
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In a separate group can be identified carpets of late XIX - early XX century. Characteristic feature of which is the preservation of traditional ornamental schemes and individual motifs using new aniline dyes.
Deregus M., D. Shavykin S. ear, O. Sayenko are masters of folk art who created a monumental tapestries, carpets in the 20-30th of the twentieth century
The revival of ancient Ukrainian folk traditions of carpet weaving was the main objective of numerous business folk crafts that were created in the years 1960-1970. In ancient weaving centers. The museum has a large in terms of collection of ornamental carpets from Opishne, Reshetylivka, New Sanjar (Poltava region). Dihtyariv (Chernihiv region). Klembivky (Vinnytsia region). Hlynyany (Lviv region). Zabolotova, Coloma, Kosovo (Ivano -Frankivsk region). Khotyn (Chernivtsi region.). At the same time is a whole cohort of professional artists who make carpets and tapestries, combining innovative search for preserving traditions.
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Lytovchenko O. Mashkevich, L. Zhohol, L. Tovstuha, N. Babenko, B. Schneider, M. Schneider-Senyuk, M. Bilas, L. Brovdi can be named as artists of the golden fund of Ukrainian folk decorative art.
Text: Olga Ermak
Photo: Mikhail Andreev
Translation: Xenia Bashutskaya
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